Allergies are a global health problem. We can still not fully understand what exactly happen in an simple allergy case in modern science. Neither do other “science”.
But we do already have lot knowledge about allergy. We know:
Allergy is a hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system [1].
Allergy is excessive activation of certain white blood cells in our immune system such as mast cells and basophiles, and result in an extreme inflammatory response.
We classify allergy as type I (or immediate) hypersensitivity, one of four forms of hypersensitivity.
Common allergic reactions include eczema, hives, hay fever, asthma attacks, food allergies, and reactions to the venom of stinging insects such as wasps and bees [2].
In Sweden, people may pay more attention to pollens allergies and foods allergies, which are highly prevalent there. Right now still in the time of suffering pollen allergies by some people. The most common symptoms of pollens allergies in the population are sneezing, running nose and itching eyes (or allergic conjunctivitis).
So let me first come to pollens allergies.
Causes:
This is electromicroscopy picture of a birch pollen grain (from G.Jones APMRU). The pollen grain is triangular sphere with size 30 – 35 µm. There are pores with chamber separating inner and outer walls [3].
One protein composed of this sphere is called Bet v 1, which stimulates our immune system and triger the hypersensitivity, is called birch pollen allergen.
In fullowing fruits and vegetables, there are protien with relative structural similarity to that of birch pollen allergen: Apple (Mal d 1), cherry (Pru av 1), apricot (Pru ar 1), pear (Pyr c 1), celery (Api g 1), carrot (Dau c 1), parsley (pcPR), potato (pSTH) [4]. Therefore many patients allergic to birch pollen experience cross-reactive allergy with some of those fruits and vagetables.
Treatments by morden Medicine: Treatments of pollen allergy is dependant upon the type of allergic symptom, the body system affected, and the severity of the reaction. Treatments include:
- Antihistamines – Useful for allergic rhinitis and some allergy mediated skin conditions. Not helpful in asthma except for mild seasonal asthma where allergy may be a precipitant
- Nasal sprays – including topical steroids and antiinflammatories used for allergic rhinitis
- Eyedrops – ketorolac, levocabastine, ketotifen, olapatadine, for allergic conjunctivitis
- Asthma medications such as inhaled beta agonists and inhaled corticosteroids – used to treat asthma which may have allergy as a contributing factor
- Oral steroids – used in short courses for moderate allergic reactions especially with asthma symptoms or skin conditions [5].
Steroid treatment do have a very strong function to improve the symptoms, not only for hay fever, and atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and rheumatoid and so often used, but the side effects are also strong. Long term of using, there will be a variety of abnormalities, and even more serious than hay fever disease.
references
1. Allergy at Dorland’s Medical Dictionary
2. “Overview of ‘allergy and allergic diseases: with a view to the future’”. Br. Med. Bull. 56 (4): 843–64. Kay AB (2000). PMID 11359624.
3. http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/pid00016.html
4. Molecular and biochemical classification of plant-derived food allergens. Breiteneder H, Ebner C. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Jul;106(1 Pt 1):27-36. PMID: 10887301
5. http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/pollen_allergy/treatments.htm?ktrack=kcplink)
http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/en/virtuallessons/pollenplants/
